Labor induction: what it is and when it’s used

Labor induction means helping your body start contractions and open the cervix so birth can begin. Doctors recommend induction when staying pregnant is riskier than giving birth — for example, if the baby is overdue, your water breaks without labor, you have high blood pressure, or there’s concern about the placenta. Sometimes induction is elective, but most providers weigh the reasons carefully before suggesting it.

Common induction methods

There are several ways to induce labor. Your provider will pick one based on how ready your body is, called the Bishop score (it checks cervical softness, position, dilation, and fetal station).

Membrane sweep: A simple office procedure where the provider separates the amniotic sac from the lower uterus to release natural hormones that can start labor. It can be uncomfortable but often helps.

Prostaglandins (gel or tablet): Placed in the vagina to soften and thin the cervix (cervical ripening). This can take hours and sometimes causes cramping and bleeding.

Foley catheter (balloon): A thin catheter with a small balloon is placed into the cervix and inflated. It applies mechanical pressure to help the cervix open. It’s useful when prostaglandins aren’t ideal.

Oxytocin (Pitocin) drip: A synthetic hormone given through an IV to cause contractions. Doses start low and increase slowly while the team monitors the baby and your contractions.

Misoprostol (oral or vaginal): Used in some places for cervical ripening and to start contractions. It’s effective but used carefully because it can cause very strong contractions.

What to expect and how to prepare

Induction can take a few hours to a couple of days. If your cervix isn’t favorable, providers often try ripening first, then use oxytocin. You’ll be monitored continuously or frequently — fetal heart and contraction patterns are watched closely so the team can act quickly if something changes.

Bring comfort items: a phone charger, loose clothes, snacks (if allowed), and a birth partner who can support you. Ask about IV fluids, pain options (epidural, nitrous oxide, or none), and the hospital’s procedures for mobility during induction.

Risks exist: stronger-than-normal contractions, increased chance of needing a cesarean if induction fails, fever, or infection if membranes have been ruptured for a long time. Discuss these with your provider so you understand the benefits and trade-offs.

When should you call your provider? If your contractions are strong and regular, your water breaks, you notice decreased fetal movement, or you have bleeding or fever, contact your care team right away.

Every induction is different. Ask questions about timing, methods, possible side effects, and what success looks like in your situation. Knowing the plan helps you stay calm and confident when the day arrives.